| edam.data:2082 |
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ncit:C26358 |
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B2AI_SUBSTRATE:1 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Array |
A data type that represents a collection of elements (values or variables), each selected by one or more indices. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:7 |
B2AI_STANDARD:392 B2AI_STANDARD:394 B2AI_STANDARD:722 B2AI_STANDARD:834 |
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:2 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Associative Array |
A data structure that stores a collection of key-value pairs, where each key is associated with a value. It allows for fast and efficient lookups by using the keys as indices to access the corresponding values. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:1 |
|
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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|
|
JSON |
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|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:3 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
BIDS |
Data conforming to the Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS). |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:19 B2AI_SUBSTRATE:49 |
B2AI_STANDARD:33 |
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:4 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
BigQuery |
A fully managed, serverless data warehouse that enables scalable analysis over petabytes of data. It is a Platform as a Service (PaaS) that supports querying using ANSI SQL. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:5 |
B2AI_STANDARD:735 |
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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B2AI_SUBSTRATE:5 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Column Store |
A database that stores data tables by column rather than by row. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:9 |
|
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
|
| edam.format:3752 |
|
ncit:C182456 |
|
csv |
Differences in newline characters can cause inconsistency across operating systems. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:6 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Comma-separated values |
Any text or mixed data with distinct records in columns separated by commas and rows separated by newlines. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:10 |
B2AI_STANDARD:347 B2AI_STANDARD:378 B2AI_STANDARD:783 B2AI_STANDARD:878 |
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
|
| edam.data:0006 |
mesh:D064886 |
ncit:C25474 |
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|
|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:7 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Data |
Any collection of discrete values conveying information. |
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|
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:8 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Data Frame |
A data structure that organizes data into a 2-dimensional table of rows and columns. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:7 |
B2AI_STANDARD:813 B2AI_STANDARD:862 |
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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|
mesh:D019991 |
ncit:C15426 |
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|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:9 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Database |
An organized collection of structured information, stored electronically and organized for rapid search and retrieval. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:7 |
B2AI_STANDARD:202 B2AI_STANDARD:712 B2AI_STANDARD:797 B2AI_STANDARD:801 B2AI_STANDARD:802 B2AI_STANDARD:815 B2AI_STANDARD:861 B2AI_STANDARD:871 |
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
|
| edam.format:3751 |
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|
|
txt |
|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:10 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Delimited Text |
Any data with distinct records separated or delimited by a specific character pattern. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:43 |
|
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
|
| edam.format:3548 |
|
ncit:C63537 |
|
dicom dcm |
Files are generally named using unique identifiers that may not be compatible across all operating systems (i.e., they may be too long). Patient data is included in each image file header so all files must be processed in order to anonymize them. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:11 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
DICOM |
An image and metadata format for radiology imaging. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:36 |
B2AI_STANDARD:8 B2AI_STANDARD:79 B2AI_STANDARD:80 B2AI_STANDARD:81 B2AI_STANDARD:82 B2AI_STANDARD:83 B2AI_STANDARD:84 B2AI_STANDARD:85 B2AI_STANDARD:86 B2AI_STANDARD:87 B2AI_STANDARD:88 B2AI_STANDARD:89 B2AI_STANDARD:90 B2AI_STANDARD:91 B2AI_STANDARD:92 B2AI_STANDARD:93 B2AI_STANDARD:94 B2AI_STANDARD:95 B2AI_STANDARD:96 B2AI_STANDARD:97 B2AI_STANDARD:98 B2AI_STANDARD:849 |
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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|
ncit:C45803 |
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|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:12 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Directed acyclic graph |
A directed graph with no directed cycles. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:14 |
|
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:13 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Document Database |
A database that stores and retrieves information in documents. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:9 |
B2AI_STANDARD:797 |
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
|
| edam.format:3617 |
|
ncit:C75914 |
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|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:14 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Graph |
A structure of nodes (sometimes called vertices) and edges between them. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:7 |
B2AI_STANDARD:768 B2AI_STANDARD:802 |
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:15 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Graph Database |
A type of database that stores nodes and relationships instead of tables or documents. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:9 B2AI_SUBSTRATE:14 |
B2AI_STANDARD:768 B2AI_STANDARD:802 |
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
|
| edam.format:3590 |
|
ncit:C184763 |
|
h5 hdf5 |
Structure is not optimized for data access through cloud storage infrastructure. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:16 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
HDF5 |
A data model, library, and file format for storing and managing data. It supports an unlimited variety of datatypes, and is designed for flexible and efficient I/O and for high volume and complex data. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:18 |
B2AI_STANDARD:71 B2AI_STANDARD:218 B2AI_STANDARD:339 B2AI_STANDARD:340 B2AI_STANDARD:379 |
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:17 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Heap |
A complete binary tree, i.e., each node has no more than two children. |
Tree |
|
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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B2AI_SUBSTRATE:18 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Hierarchical Array |
A data structure of a list, such that list elements may be subsets of other elements. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:1 |
|
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
|
| edam.data:2968 |
|
ncit:C48179 |
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|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:19 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Image |
Any visual representation of something. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:7 |
B2AI_STANDARD:98 B2AI_STANDARD:307 B2AI_STANDARD:316 B2AI_STANDARD:344 B2AI_STANDARD:362 B2AI_STANDARD:375 B2AI_STANDARD:377 B2AI_STANDARD:383 B2AI_STANDARD:390 |
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
|
| edam.format:3464 |
|
ncit:C184769 |
|
json |
|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:20 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
JSON |
JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) is a lightweight format for storing and transporting data. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:2 B2AI_SUBSTRATE:18 |
|
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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tsv |
|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:21 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
KGX TSV |
A tab-delimited data format for exchanging property graph data. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:32 B2AI_SUBSTRATE:41 |
B2AI_STANDARD:346 |
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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|
mongo |
The maximum size of an individual document in MongoDB is 16MB with a nested depth of 100 levels. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:22 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
MongoDB |
A non-relational document database that provides support for JSON-like storage. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:13 |
B2AI_STANDARD:797 |
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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|
mysql sql |
|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:23 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
MySQL |
A relational database management system developed by Oracle that is based on structured query language (SQL). |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:37 |
B2AI_STANDARD:801 |
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:24 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
N-Dimensional Array |
A data structure that can store a collection of items, where each item is identified by a set of indices. The number of indices required to identify an item is referred to as the dimension of the array, hence the name N-dimensional array. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:1 |
B2AI_STANDARD:394 |
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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|
All data is stored locally - this can cause slowdowns when data exceeds available memory. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:25 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Neo4j |
A popular graph database platform. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:15 |
B2AI_STANDARD:802 |
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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|
mesh:D016571 |
ncit:C17429 |
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|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:26 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Neural Network Model |
The result of training a neural network on a certain set of inputs. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:7 |
|
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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nnef |
|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:27 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
NNEF |
An exchange format for neural network models produced using Torch, Caffe, TensorFlow, Theano, Chainer, Caffe2, PyTorch, or MXNet. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:26 |
B2AI_STANDARD:354 |
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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onnx |
|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:28 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
ONNX |
An open format built to represent machine learning models. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:26 |
B2AI_STANDARD:357 |
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:29 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Pandas DataFrame |
A two-dimensional, size-mutable, potentially heterogeneous tabular data object. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:8 |
B2AI_STANDARD:813 |
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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parquet pqt |
|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:30 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Parquet |
Apache Parquet is a free and open-source column-oriented data storage format in the Apache Hadoop ecosystem. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:5 |
B2AI_STANDARD:359 |
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
|
|
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|
|
sql |
|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:31 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
PostgreSQL |
An open-source relational database management system emphasizing extensibility and SQL compliance. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:37 |
B2AI_STANDARD:815 |
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:32 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Property graph |
A graph model in which nodes and edges may be assigned properties (i.e., values or key-value pairs). |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:14 |
|
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
|
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|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:33 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
PyTorch Tensor |
In PyTorch, a torch.Tensor is a multi-dimensional matrix containing elements of a single data type. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:42 |
B2AI_STANDARD:354 B2AI_STANDARD:401 B2AI_STANDARD:765 B2AI_STANDARD:788 B2AI_STANDARD:816 |
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
|
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|
|
Memory-limited. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:34 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
R data.frame |
A tightly coupled collection of variables that shares many of the properties of matrices and of lists. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:8 |
B2AI_STANDARD:833 |
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:35 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
R tibble |
A redesigned version of an R data frame. Never changes the input type, can have columns that are lists, can have non-standard variable names, can start with a number or contain spaces, only recycles vectors of length 1, and never creates row names. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:8 |
B2AI_STANDARD:833 |
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:36 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Raster Image |
Any visual representation of something represented as a two-dimensional matrix of pixel values denoting intensity, potentially accompanied by other values for colors or other image properties (e.g., compression). |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:19 |
B2AI_STANDARD:829 |
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:37 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Relational Database |
A database that stores and provides access to data points related to one another. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:9 |
B2AI_STANDARD:801 B2AI_STANDARD:815 |
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:38 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Set |
A sorted data structure of unique elements of the same type. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:7 |
|
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
|
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|
ncit:C45253 |
|
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|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:39 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
String |
An array data structure of bytes (or words) that stores a sequence of elements, typically characters, using some character encoding. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:7 |
|
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:40 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
SummarizedExperiment |
The SummarizedExperiment Bioconductor container contains one or more assays, each represented by a matrix-like object of numeric or other mode. The rows typically represent genomic ranges of interest and the columns represent samples. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:18 |
B2AI_STANDARD:705 B2AI_STANDARD:833 B2AI_STANDARD:286 |
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
|
| edam.format:3475 |
|
ncit:C164049 |
|
tsv |
Differences in newline characters can cause inconsistency across operating systems. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:41 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Tab-separated values |
Any text or mixed data with distinct records in columns separated by tab characters and rows separated by newlines. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:10 |
B2AI_STANDARD:347 B2AI_STANDARD:378 |
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
|
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|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:42 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Tensor |
An algebraic object that describes a multilinear relationship between sets of algebraic objects related to a vector space. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:7 |
B2AI_STANDARD:354 B2AI_STANDARD:374 B2AI_STANDARD:770 B2AI_STANDARD:831 |
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
|
| edam.data:2526 |
|
ncit:C25704 |
|
txt |
|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:43 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Text |
Any form of written information that is composed of letters, words, and sentences. This may include anything from written documents, articles, or books, to emails, social media posts, and transcribed speech. It may also include unstructured, human-readable fields of documents containing other data. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:39 |
|
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
|
|
|
ncit:C45418 |
|
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|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:44 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Tree |
An undirected graph with each pair of vertices connected by no more than one path. Also known as a connected acyclic undirected graph. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:14 |
|
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
|
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|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:45 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Trie |
A sorted, associative tree. Also known as a radix tree or prefix tree. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:44 |
|
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
|
|
|
ncit:C54169 |
|
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|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:46 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Vector |
A mathematical object that has magnitude and direction. A vector is often represented as a one-dimensional array or list with numerical elements. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:7 |
|
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
|
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|
|
|
|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:47 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Vector Image |
Any visual representation of something represented as a set of geometric shapes defined on a Cartesian plane. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:19 |
|
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
|
|
|
|
|
wav |
|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:48 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Waveform Audio File Format |
An audio file format standard. Generally supported by digital audio software. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:49 |
B2AI_STANDARD:387 |
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
|
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|
|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:49 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Waveform Data |
The two-dimensional representation of a signal as a function of time. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:7 |
B2AI_STANDARD:308 B2AI_STANDARD:314 B2AI_STANDARD:315 B2AI_STANDARD:331 B2AI_STANDARD:351 B2AI_STANDARD:352 B2AI_STANDARD:356 B2AI_STANDARD:387 |
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
|
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|
|
|
|
|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:50 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
xarray |
A format for defining arrays with labels in the form of dimensions, coordinates, and attributes on top of raw NumPy-like arrays, which allows for more intuitive, more concise, and less error-prone user experience. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:24 |
B2AI_STANDARD:392 |
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
|
| edam.format:3915 |
|
|
|
zarr |
|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:51 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Zarr |
A format for storage of large N-dimensional typed arrays. Has implementations in multiple programming languages. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:24 |
B2AI_STANDARD:394 |
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
|
|
|
ncit:C190416 |
|
tar zip |
Must be decompressed before reading. Compression may be lossy, i.e., it discards information in the process of encoding. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:52 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Compressed Data |
Data in which information is represented with fewer bits than the original, uncompressed representation. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:7 |
B2AI_STANDARD:384 B2AI_STANDARD:395 |
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
|
| edam.format:3003 |
|
ncit:C153367 |
|
txt bed |
|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:53 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
BED |
BED (Browser Extensible Data) format provides a flexible way to define the data lines that are displayed in a genome annotation track. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:10 |
B2AI_STANDARD:36 |
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
|
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|
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|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:54 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Vector Database |
A database that stores and retrieves information represented as high-dimensional vectors. The original data may be very unstructured. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:9 |
B2AI_STANDARD:871 |
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
2023-05-23 |
|
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|
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|
|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:55 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Pinecone |
A vector database. Includes a single-stage filtering function allowing complex searches in single queries. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:54 |
B2AI_STANDARD:871 |
Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
0000-0001-5705-7831 |
2023-05-23 |
|
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|
|
|
|
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:56 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Immunofluorescence Image |
An immunofluorescence image is a picture derived from microscopy that uses fluorescently labeled antibodies to visualize the location and distribution of specific proteins or molecules within cells or tissues. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:36 |
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Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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B2AI_SUBSTRATE:57 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Spectral Data |
Spectral data contains information about the intensity or strength of different frequencies or wavelengths of some type of energy, including light or other electromagnetic radiation. It may be a representation of the composition and properties of materials or signals. It may be obtained by transforming waveforms (i.e., data in the time domain) into the frequency domain with a Fourier transform or other method. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:7 |
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Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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B2AI_SUBSTRATE:58 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Mass Spectrometry Data |
Mass spectrometry data, also referred to as a mass spectrum, is a representation of the mass to charge (m/z) ratios of the ions present in a sample plotted against their intensities. Each peak in a mass spectrum shows a component of unique m/z in the sample, and heights of the peaks connote the relative abundance of the various components in the sample. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:57 |
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Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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B2AI_SUBSTRATE:59 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Size Exclusion Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Data |
Size Exclusion Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (SEC-MS) data is the result of combining size-exclusion chromatography for separation based on molecular size with mass spectrometry for accurate mass determination, enabling the analysis of protein complexes and their interactions |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:58 |
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Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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B2AI_SUBSTRATE:60 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Sequence |
A sequence is an ordered collection of elements, typically characters or numbers, that may be of fixed or variable length. This specifically refers to a biological sequence, such as a DNA, RNA, or protein sequence, so the characters are typically nucleotides or amino acids accompanied by metadata about the sequence. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:39 |
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Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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B2AI_SUBSTRATE:61 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
DNA Sequence Data |
DNA sequence data is a representation of the nucleotide sequence of a DNA molecule. It may be a raw sequence or a processed sequence with additional metadata, such as annotations or quality scores. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:60 |
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Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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B2AI_SUBSTRATE:62 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
RNA Sequence Data |
RNA sequence data is a representation of the nucleotide sequence of one or more RNA molecules. It may be a raw sequence or a processed sequence with additional metadata, such as annotations or quality scores. It may be called transcriptomic data when it is derived from RNA sequencing, and in general may be referred to as RNA-seq data. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:60 |
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Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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B2AI_SUBSTRATE:63 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Single-cell RNA Sequence Data |
Single-cell RNA sequence data is a representation of the nucleotide sequence of one or more RNA molecules from individual cells. It may be a raw sequence or a processed sequence with additional metadata, such as annotations or quality scores. It may be called single-cell transcriptomic data when it is derived from single-cell RNA sequencing. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:62 |
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Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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B2AI_SUBSTRATE:64 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Perturb-seq Data |
Perturb-seq data is the result of combining single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based perturbations to perform many pooled phenotype assays. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:63 |
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Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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B2AI_SUBSTRATE:65 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Retinal Image |
A retinal image is a picture derived from imaging the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. Retinal images are used in ophthalmology to diagnose and monitor eye diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:36 |
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Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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B2AI_SUBSTRATE:66 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Ophthalmoscopy data |
Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Ophthalmoscopy (FLIO) data is the result of imaging the retina using FLIO, a technique that measures the fluorescence lifetime of endogenous fluorophores in the retina. FLIO data is used in ophthalmology to diagnose and monitor eye diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:65 |
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Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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B2AI_SUBSTRATE:67 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Optical coherence tomography data |
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) data is the result of imaging the retina using OCT, a non-invasive imaging technique that uses light waves to take cross-sectional images of the retina. OCT data is used in ophthalmology to diagnose and monitor eye diseases, such as glaucoma and macular degeneration. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:65 |
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Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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B2AI_SUBSTRATE:68 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Optical coherence tomography angiography data |
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses light waves to create high-resolution images of blood flow in the retina and choroid, offering a detailed view of the eye's microvasculature without the need for dye injection. OCTA data is used in ophthalmology to diagnose and monitor eye diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy and macular degeneration. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:67 |
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Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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B2AI_SUBSTRATE:69 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Time-series data |
Time-series data is a sequence of data points collected at successive points in time. It is used in biomedicine and biology to study the dynamics of biological systems over time. It may cover short or long time periods and may be collected at regular or irregular intervals. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:7 |
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Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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B2AI_SUBSTRATE:70 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Physiological data |
Physiological data is time-series data that captures the physiological signals of living organisms, such as heart rate, blood pressure, temperature, and brain activity. It is used in biomedicine and biology to study the health and function of biological systems over time. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:69 |
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Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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B2AI_SUBSTRATE:71 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Heart rate |
Heart rate is a physiological signal that measures the number of heartbeats per minute. It is used in biomedicine and biology to assess cardiovascular health and function. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:70 |
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Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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B2AI_SUBSTRATE:72 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Oxygen saturation |
Oxygen saturation is a physiological signal that measures the percentage of hemoglobin in the blood that is saturated with oxygen. It is used in biomedicine and biology to assess respiratory function and oxygen delivery to tissues. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:70 |
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Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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B2AI_SUBSTRATE:73 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Physical activity data |
Physical activity data is time-series data that captures the movement and activity levels of living organisms. It is used in biomedicine and biology to study the effects of physical activity on health and well-being. It is frequently collected through wearable devices, such as fitness trackers and smartwatches. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:70 |
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Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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B2AI_SUBSTRATE:74 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Caloric burn data |
Caloric burn data is a type of physical activity data that measures the number of calories burned during physical activity. It is used in biomedicine and biology to assess energy expenditure and the effects of physical activity on metabolism and other physical characteristics. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:73 |
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Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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B2AI_SUBSTRATE:75 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Respiratory rate |
Respiratory rate is a physiological signal that measures the number of breaths per minute. It is used in biomedicine and biology to assess respiratory function and the effects of physical activity on breathing patterns. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:70 |
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Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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B2AI_SUBSTRATE:76 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Sleep tracking data |
Sleep tracking data is time-series data that captures the sleep patterns and quality of living organisms. It is used in biomedicine and biology to study the effects of sleep on health and well-being. It is frequently collected through wearable devices, such as fitness trackers and smartwatches. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:70 |
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Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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B2AI_SUBSTRATE:77 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Stress tracking data |
Stress tracking data is time-series data that captures the stress levels and responses of living organisms. It is used in biomedicine and biology to study the effects of stress on health and well-being. It is frequently collected through wearable devices, such as fitness trackers and smartwatches. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:70 |
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Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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B2AI_SUBSTRATE:78 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Glucose monitoring data |
Glucose monitoring data is time-series data that captures the blood glucose levels of living organisms. It is used in biomedicine and biology to study the effects of diet, exercise, and medication on blood sugar levels. It is frequently collected through wearable devices, such as continuous glucose monitors and blood glucose meters. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:70 |
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Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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B2AI_SUBSTRATE:79 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Participant response data |
Participant response data is a collection of data that captures the responses of participants in a study or experiment. It may include survey responses, questionnaire data, interview transcripts, and other forms of participant feedback. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:7 |
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Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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B2AI_SUBSTRATE:80 |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:DataSubstrate |
Questionnaire response data |
Questionnaire response data is a type of participant response data that captures the responses of participants to a series of questions. This data may include the responses themselves, as well as metadata about the participants and the study, including the questions asked, the response format, and the response rate. |
B2AI_SUBSTRATE:79 |
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Harry Caufield |
caufieldjh |
ORCID:0000-0001-5705-7831 |
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B2AI_SUBSTRATE:81 |
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File headers |
Metadata stored in file headers. |
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